What signs or symptoms should the nurse assess in a patient exposed to anthrax through the skin?

In cases of cutaneous anthrax, the nurse should assess for specific signs and symptoms that are characteristic of this type of exposure. The correct response highlights edema, pruritus, and the presence of a 2-mm ulcerated vesicle.

When a person is exposed to anthrax spores through the skin, the infection typically begins with a small, itchy bump that resembles an insect bite. As the infection progresses, this bump can develop into a vesicle filled with fluid. Eventually, it ulcerates, forming a characteristic painless sore with a black necrotic center. The edema indicates localized swelling resulting from inflammation and the body’s immune response to the infection. Pruritus, or itching, can often accompany this initial inflammatory response.

These signs are crucial for identifying cutaneous anthrax early, as prompt treatment can prevent further complications. Recognizing the specific characteristics of the lesions helps differentiate this from other skin conditions, guiding appropriate interventions and management.